Articles in Rheumatology & Immunology (3)
+ Create ArticleIl lupus eritematoso sistemico è una malattia autoimmune cronica e multisistemica caratterizzata da perdita di tolleranza immunitaria, produzione di autoanticorpi patogeni e danno infiammatorio d'organo mediato da complessi immuni<sup>1,2</sup>. La diagnosi si basa sui criteri di classificazione EULAR/ACR 2019, che richiedono un titolo ANA iniziale pari o superiore a 1:80 associato a domini clinici e immunologici ponderati<sup>1,6</sup>.
Septic arthritis is a rheumatologic and orthopedic emergency characterized by purulent bacterial invasion of the joint space, resulting in rapid, irreversible cartilage destruction if left untreated. Definitive diagnosis requires urgent synovial fluid aspiration prior to antibiotic administration, revealing a leukocyte count exceeding 50,000/mm³ with neutrophil predominance, while management mandates emergent surgical drainage combined with targeted intravenous antimicrobial therapy.
Giant cell arteritis is a chronic granulomatous large-vessel vasculitis predominantly affecting individuals over 50 years of age, characterised by cranial and aortic arch vessel inflammation that carries a severe risk of permanent anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Diagnosis is confirmed via colour duplex ultrasound showing a hypoechoic halo sign and temporal artery biopsy, while management mandates immediate high-dose glucocorticoids coupled with tocilizumab.