Articles in Infectious Diseases (4)

La sepsi è definita come una disfunzione d'organo potenzialmente letale causata da una risposta immunitaria disregolata all'infezione, mentre lo shock settico rappresenta un sottotipo caratterizzato da ipotensione persistente che richiede vasopressori per mantenere una pressione arteriosa media (MAP) ≥65 mmHg e un lattato sierico >2,0 mmol/L nonostante un'adeguata rianimazione con liquidi.

Dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome represent severe manifestations of mosquito-borne flavivirus infection characterized by acute vascular endothelial dysfunction, plasma leakage, and profound thrombocytopenia. Diagnosis relies on early NS1 antigen detection followed by serology and serial haematocrit monitoring, while first-line management mandates careful, protocolized isotonic crystalloid resuscitation to avoid fluid overload.

Severe falciparum malaria is a life-threatening medical emergency characterized by multiorgan dysfunction resulting from erythrocyte sequestration, microvascular obstruction, and profound metabolic acidosis. The gold-standard diagnostic modality consists of three serial Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films combined with rapid diagnostic antigen tests, and first-line therapy requires immediate parenteral intravenous artesunate followed by a full 3-day course of artemisinin-based combination therapy.

Acute bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening inflammation of the meninges caused by bacterial invasion of the subarachnoid space, diagnosed via lumbar pressure and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showing polymorphonuclear pleocytosis, and treated immediately with intravenous ceftriaxone, dexamethasone, and targeted antimicrobial coverage.