Articles in Radiology & Medical Imaging (8)

Grave lesione traumatica del ginocchio caratterizzata dal distacco osseo a livello dell'inserzione fibulare, frequentemente associata a instabilità dell'angolo postero-laterale (posterolateral corner - PLC) e a deficit neurologici del nervo peroneo.

L'embolia polmonare è l'ostruzione dell'albero arterioso polmonare causata da un trombo, solitamente originato da una trombosi venosa profonda. Rappresenta la terza causa di morte cardiovascolare acuta e richiede una stratificazione tempestiva del rischio per indirizzare il paziente verso la terapia anticoagulante o trombolitica appropriata.

The Bosniak classification is a standardized multidetector CT and MRI imaging categorization system used to stratify renal cysts based on malignant risk and guide clinical management, ranging from benign simple cysts (Category I) to malignant cystic masses requiring surgical resection (Category IV). The gold-standard diagnostic modality is contrast-enhanced multiphasic abdominal CT or dedicated renal MRI, and the first-line protocol for malignant or indeterminate high-risk categories is partial or radical nephrectomy.

Prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) using the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2.1 standardizes the detection, localization, characterization, and risk stratification of prostate cancer in patients with suspected disease. The gold-standard diagnostic modality is multiparametric MRI combined with targeted and systematic prostate biopsy. First-line management following a positive PI-RADS score involves image-guided targeted prostate biopsy for high-risk lesions (PI-RADS 4 and 5).

The Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) is a standardized ultrasound risk stratification classification system developed to evaluate thyroid nodules, estimate the risk of malignancy, and guide decisions regarding fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. The gold-standard diagnostic tool is high-resolution thyroid ultrasonography combined with ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy for suspicious nodules.

The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) is a standardized risk assessment and quality assurance lexicon developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) to categorize breast imaging findings across mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. The gold-standard diagnostic approach relies on multimodality imaging categorization (BI-RADS 0 through 6) linked directly to histopathological tissue diagnosis via core needle biopsy.

Acute ischaemic stroke is a sudden neurological deficit resulting from focal cerebral hypoperfusion, diagnosed via non-contrast computed tomography and multimodal neuroimaging (ASPECTS quantification and NIHSS scoring), and managed urgently through intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical endovascular thrombectomy.

Subarachnoid haemorrhage is a life-threatening neurological emergency characterized by extravasation of blood into the subarachnoid space, most frequently due to a ruptured saccular aneurysm. Diagnosis relies on non-contrast head computed tomography followed by lumbar puncture when imaging is inconclusive, with definitive management requiring urgent aneurysm securement and targeted medical therapy in a neurosurgical intensive care unit.