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NCBI STATPEARLS + PUBMED + OPEN-I VERIFIED SEED TAXONOMY

Medipaedia.org Master Clinical Topic Taxonomy (By Specialty & ICD-10/11)

Standardized 10-Section High-Yield Clinical Reference Matrix across 19 Medical Specialties with verified ICD-10/11 codes, Classic Triads, Gold-Standard Diagnostic Tests, and First-Line Treatment Protocols.

All 19 Specialties (60)CardiologyRespiratoryGastroenterology & HepatologyNephrology & UrologyNeurologyEndocrinology & MetabolismHaematology & OncologyInfectious DiseasesRheumatology & ImmunologyEmergency Medicine & Critical CareGeneral & Specialty SurgeryPaediatricsObstetrics & GynaecologyDermatologyPsychiatryOphthalmology & ENTPathology & Laboratory MedicineMusculoskeletal & TraumaRadiology & Medical Imaging
# Topic, Specialty & ICD-10/11 Classic Triad / Key Presentation Gold-Standard Diagnostic Test First-Line Treatment Protocol Status
40 Acute kidney injury (KDIGO classification)
ICD-10: N17.9 ICD-11: GB60 Nephrology & Urology
KDIGO Criteria: Serum creatinine rise ≥26.5 µmol/L (0.3 mg/dL) within 48h + OR ≥1.5× baseline within 7 days + OR Urine output <0.5 mL/kg/h for ≥6 hours Serial Serum Creatinine & Hourly Urine Output + Urinalysis/Microscopy (muddy brown granular casts in ATN) + Renal Tract Ultrasound (to exclude post-renal hydronephrosis) Stop nephrotoxins (NSAIDs, ACEi/ARBs, aminoglycosides, iodinated contrast) + Euvolaemic isotonic crystalloid resuscitation + Treat hyperkalaemia (IV Calcium gluconate + Insulin/Dextrose) + Urgent RRT if refractory ✓ Published (mID 10041)
41 Nephrotic syndrome
ICD-10: N04.9 ICD-11: GB41 Nephrology & Urology
Classic Tetrad: Heavy proteinuria (>3.5 g/24h or Urine PCR >300–350 mg/mmol) + Hypoalbuminaemia (<25–30 g/L) + Generalized pitting oedema (periorbital/peripheral) + Hyperlipidaemia / lipiduria ('Maltese cross' casts) 24-hour Urine Protein or Spot Urine Protein:Creatinine Ratio (PCR) + Serum Albumin + Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Renal Biopsy in adults (Light, Immunofluorescence, and Electron Microscopy) Sodium restriction + Loop diuretics (Furosemide) + ACE inhibitor/ARB (antiproteinuric) + VTE prophylaxis if albumin <20 g/L + Disease-specific immunosuppression (Prednisolone in Paediatric Minimal Change Disease; Rituximab/Calcineurin inhibitor in Membranous Nephropathy) ✓ Published (mID 10042)
42 Testicular torsion
ICD-10: N44.00 ICD-11: GB01 Nephrology & Urology
Sudden-onset severe unilateral scrotal/inguinal pain + High-riding transversely oriented testis ('bell-clapper deformity') + Absent ipsilateral cremasteric reflex & negative Prehn's sign with nausea/vomiting Clinical diagnosis (NEVER delay theatre for imaging if high suspicion; Color Doppler Scrotal Ultrasound shows absent intratesticular arterial blood flow and 'whirlpool sign' of twisted spermatic cord) Emergency surgical scrotal exploration within the 6-hour golden viability window: Detorsion and bilateral orchidopexy (or orchidectomy if necrotic + contralateral orchidopexy) ✓ Published (mID 10043)
43 Hepatorenal syndrome
ICD-10: K76.7 ICD-11: DB99.6 Nephrology & Urology
Decompensated cirrhosis with ascites + Progressive KDIGO AKI (unresponsive after 48h of diuretic withdrawal and IV Albumin 1 g/kg/day expansion) + Bland urine sediment (<50 RBCs/hpf, protein <500 mg/day) and normal renal ultrasound International Club of Ascites (ICA) Diagnostic Criteria + Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa <0.2%) + Diagnostic Paracentesis (to exclude Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis) IV Terlipressin (2–12 mg/24h continuous infusion or 1 mg q4–6h) OR IV Noradrenaline + Daily IV 20% Albumin (20–40 g/day) + Expedited Liver Transplantation evaluation ✓ Published (mID 10044)