NCBI STATPEARLS + PUBMED + OPEN-I VERIFIED SEED TAXONOMY

Taxonomía Clínica Maestra de Medipaedia.org (Por Especialidad y CIE-10/11)

Matriz de referencia clínica estandarizada de 10 secciones en 19 Especialidades Médicas con códigos CIE-10/11 verificados, tríadas clásicas, pruebas diagnósticas de elección y protocolos de primera línea.

Las 19 Especialidades (60)Cardiología Neumología Gastroenterología y Hepatología Nefrología y Urología Neurología Endocrinología y Metabolismo Hematología y Oncología Enfermedades Infecciosas Reumatología e Inmunología Urgencias y Cuidados Intensivos Cirugía General y Especialidades Pediatría Obstetricia y Ginecología Dermatología Psiquiatría Oftalmología y ORL Patología y Medicina de Laboratorio Traumatología y Ortopedia Radiología e Imagen Médica

#	Tema, Especialidad y CIE-10/11	Tríada Clásica / Presentación	Prueba Diagnóstica de Elección	Tratamiento de Primera Línea	Estado
54	Acute angle-closure glaucoma ICD-10: H40.21 ICD-11: 9C61.2 Oftalmología y ORL	Sudden severe unilateral ocular/peri-orbital pain with headache, nausea & vomiting + Blurred vision with rainbow-coloured halos around lights + Red eye (ciliary flush), hazy oedematous cornea, fixed mid-dilated non-reactive pupil, and rock-hard globe on palpation	Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (Intraocular Pressure IOP typically >40–60 mmHg; normal 10–21 mmHg) + Slit-lamp examination & Gonioscopy of both eyes showing closed iridocorneal angle	Immediate IOP reduction: IV Acetazolamide (500 mg stat) + Topical Timolol 0.5%, Apraclonidine/Brimonidine, and Pilocarpine 2%–4% (once IOP <40 mmHg) + Supine positioning + Definitive Bilateral Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) once corneal oedema clears	✓ Publicado (mID 10055)
55	Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) ICD-10: H34.1 ICD-11: 9B75.0 Oftalmología y ORL	Sudden, painless, profound unilateral visual loss (counting fingers/light perception) + Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD / Marcus Gunn pupil) + Fundoscopy showing pale whitened oedematous retina with a pathognomonic foveal 'Cherry-Red Spot' and cattle-trucking of retinal arterioles	Urgent Dilated Fundoscopy & Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) + Immediate ESR/CRP (to exclude Giant Cell Arteritis in patients >50 years) + Carotid Duplex Ultrasound & Echocardiography/ECG (stroke workup)	Ophthalmic & Stroke Emergency (<4.5h window): Exclude arteritic CRAO (give IV Methylprednisolone immediately if GCA suspected) + Ocular massage / IOP reduction (IV Acetazolamide) + Hyperacute Stroke Unit assessment for thrombolysis and secondary vascular prevention	✓ Publicado (mID 10056)
56	Ludwig angina ICD-10: K12.2 ICD-11: DA04 Oftalmología y ORL	Rapidly progressive bilateral cellulitis of submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces (usually from mandibular 2nd/3rd molar dental infection) + Woody, brawny induration of the floor of the mouth + Superior/posterior displacement of the tongue causing drooling, trismus, 'hot-potato voice', stridor, and impending airway occlusion	Clinical airway assessment first + Contrast-enhanced CT Neck & Thorax (performed ONLY after airway is secure) demonstrating polymicrobial gas-forming submandibular space phlegmon/abscess	1. Immediate Airway Security (Awake fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation or surgical tracheostomy) -> 2. High-dose IV broad-spectrum antibiotics (Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole or Piperacillin-tazobactam + IV Dexamethasone) -> 3. Surgical decompression and extraction of culprit mandibular molars	✓ Publicado (mID 10057)